
Trees
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by authors, varying from 3m to 6m, some authors set a minimum of 10cm trunk diameter (30cm girth). Woody plants that do not meet these definitions by having multiple stems and/or small size are called shrubs. Compared with most other plants, trees are long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old and growing upto 115m (379ft) tall.
Trees are important components of the natural landscape because of their prevention of erosion and the provision of a weather-sheltered ecosystem in and under their foliage. They also play an important role in producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as moderating ground temperatures. They are also elements in landscaping and agricultural, both for their aesthetic appeal and their orchard crops (such as apple).
Koala Friendly Trees
Koalas are extremely picky eaters, however, preferring only a few types of leaves at a time, from the relatively small number of Eucalyptus species comprising their overall habitat. This fact had become particularly problematic in recent years as the destruction of their trees has been allowed to proceed at an alarming rate. There have been reports of Koalas occasionally eating leaves from trees other then eucalyptus, such as the Acacia costata, Bombas malabrica, Pinus radiate, Tristania conferta and Tristania suaveolens.
- Genus
- Habitat
- Height (m)
-
Dysoxylum fraserianum
- Rainforest
-
Acronychia oblongifolia
- Rainforest
-
Pittosporum undulatum
- Rainforest
-
Stenocarpus sinuatus
- Rainforest
-
Harpullia hillii
- Dry Rainforest
-
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
- Rainforest
-
Atalaya hemiglauca
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Corymbia henryi
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Eucalyptus sideroxylon
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Cupaniopsis parvifolia
- Dry Rainforest
-
Myrsine variabilis
- Rainforest
-
Polscias elegans
- Rainforest

Shrubs
A shrub or bush is a horticultural term rather than a strictly botanical category of a woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6m (15-20ft) tall. A large number of plants can be either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience. Small, low shrubs such as lavender, periwinkle and thyme are often termed sub-shrubs.
An area of cultivated shrubs in a park or garden is known as a shrubbery. When clipped as topiary, shrubs generally have dense foliage and many small leafy branches growing close together.
Many shrubs respond well to renewal pruning, in which hard cutting back to a ‘stool’ results in long new growth known as canes. Other shrubs respond better to selective pruning to reveal their structure and character.
- Genus
- Habitat
- Height (m)
-
Cassia brewsteri
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Aotus ericoides
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Rubus parvifolius
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Alchornea ilicifolia
- Rainforest
-
Hakea sericea
- Montane
-
Leptospermum whitei
- Coastal Dunes
-
Lomatia silaifolia
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Mallotus philippensis
- Rainforest
-
Podocarpus spinulosus
- Wallum
-
Psychotria loniceroides
- Dry Rainforest
-
Westringia Zena'
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Prostanthera ovalifolia
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Bursaria spinosa
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Micromelum minutum
- Dry Rainforest
-
Pittosporum spinescens
- Brigalow

Groundcover
Groundcover refers to any plant that grows over an area of ground, used to provide protection from erosion and drought, and to improve its aesthetic appearance (by concealing bare earth). In gardening terms, however, the term groundcover refers to non-grass plants that are used in place of grasses.
Four general types of plants are commonly used as groundcovers:
- Vines, which are woody plants with slender, spreading stems
- Herbaceous plants, or non-woody plants
- Shrubs of low-growing, spreading species
- Moss of larger, coarser species
- Genus
- Habitat
- Height (m)
-
Carpobrotus glaucescens
- Coastal Dunes
-
Cissus antarctica
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Goodenia ovata
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Hardenbergia violacea
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Hibbertia scandens
- Coastal Dunes
-
Hibbertia vestita
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Ipomea pes-caprae
- Coastal Dunes
-
Kennedia rubicunda
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Myoporum acuminatum
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Myoporum parvifolium
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Smilax australis
- Dry Rainforest
-
Vigna marina
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Scaevola calendulacea
- Coastal Dunes
-
Sesuvium portulacastrum
- Coastal Dunes
-
Chrysacephlaum apiculatum
- Grasslands
-
Scaevola aemula
- Wallum
-
Myoporum elipticum
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Viola hederaceae
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Goodenia rotundifolia
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Canavalia rosea
- Coastal Dunes
-
Suaeda australis
- Coastal Dunes
-
Tetragonia tetragonioides
- Wetlands
-
Geitonoplesium cymosum
- Dry Rainforest
-
Commelina diffusa
- Riparian Community
-
Grevillea Bronze Rambler'
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Lobelia purpurascens
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Hardenbergia violacea alba
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Scaevola albida
- Wallum
-
Grevillea Carpet Layer'
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Clematicissus opaca
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Jasminum didymum
- Dry Rainforest
-
Dichondra repens
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Ludwigia octovalvis
- Wetlands
-
Wahlenbergia gracilis
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Eremophila debilis
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest

Grasses & Sedges
Grasses or more technically graminoids, are monocotyledonous usually herbaceous plants with narrow leaves from the base. They include the “true grasses” of the Poaceae (or Gramineae) family, as well as the sedges (Cyperaceae) and the rushes (Juncaceae). The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns (turf). True grasses, sedges ruches also form pasture for livestock: a few sedges are used directly as food, such as water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), or paper: the papyrus sedge (Cyperus papyrus). Grasses have adapted to conditions in lush rain forests, dry deserts, cold mountains and even intertidal habitats, and are now the most widespread plant type, grass is valuable source of food and energy for all sort of wildlife and organics.
Graminoids are the dominant vegetation in many habitats, including grasslands, salt-marsh, reed swamp and steppes. They also occur as a smaller part of the vegetation in almost every other terrestrial habitat. There are some 3500 species of graminoides.
- Genus
- Habitat
- Height (m)
-
Carex appressa
- Wetlands
-
Crinum pedunculatum
- Riparian Community
-
Cymbopogon refractus
- Grasslands
-
Cyperus polystachyos
- Wetlands
-
Dianella caerulea
- Dry Rainforest
-
Dianella longifolia
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Eleocharis dulcis
- Wetlands
-
Ficinia (Isolepis) nodosa
- Coastal Dunes
-
Gahnia sieberiana
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Juncus krausii
- Wetlands
-
Juncus usitatus
- Wetlands
-
Lomandra longifolia
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Microlaena stipoides
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Pennisetum alopecuroides
- Grasslands
-
Poa labilardierii
- Grasslands
-
Schoenoplectus mucronatus
- Wetlands
-
Schoenoplectus validus
- Wetlands
-
Spinifex sericeus
- Coastal Dunes
-
Sporobolus virginicus
- Coastal Dunes
-
Themeda australis (triandra)
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Dianella congesta
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Imperata cylindrica
- Riparian Community
-
Dianella brevipedunculata
- Dry Rainforest
-
Lomandra hystrix
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Bolboschoenus caldwelli
- Wetlands
-
Oplismenus aemulus
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Ottochloa gracillima
- Wallum
-
Baumea articulata
- Wetlands
-
Baumea rubiginosa
- Wetlands
-
Doryanthes palmeri
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Eleocharis equisetina
- Wetlands
-
Sowerbaea juncea
- Wallum
-
Cyperus exaltatus
- Wetlands
-
Lomandra confertifolia
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Lepironia articulata
- Wetlands
-
Philydrum lanuginosum
- Wetlands
-
Fimbristylis ferruginea
- Wetlands
-
Gahnia clarkei
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Juncus continuus
- Wetlands
-
Heteropogon contortus
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Alloteropsis semialata
- Grasslands
-
Bothriochloa bladhi
- Grasslands
-
Capillipedium spicigerum
- Grasslands
-
Dianella revoluta
- Dry Rainforest
-
Doryanthes excelsa
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Phragmites australis
- Wetlands
-
Oplismenus hirtellus
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Carex fascicularis
- Wetlands
-
Baumea juncea
- Wetlands
-
Persicaria decipiens
- Wetlands
-
Bothriochloa decipiens
- Grasslands
-
Entolasia stricta
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Eleocharis sphacelata
- Wetlands
-
Eleocharis acuta
- Wetlands
-
Eleocharis cylindrostachys
- Wetlands
-
Bothriochloa macra
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Doryanthes excelsa
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Spinifex sericeus
- Coastal Dunes

Ferns
- Genus
- Habitat
- Height (m)
-
Blechnum indicum
- Wetlands
-
Doodia aspera
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Blechnum cartilagineum
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Doodia media
- Sub-Tropical Rainforest
-
Adiantum hispidulum
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Adiantum aethiopicum
- Dry Sclerophyll Forest
-
Calochlaena dubia
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
-
Hypolepis muelleri
- Wetlands
-
Acrostichum speciosum
- Wetlands
-
Pellaea falcata
- Rainforest
-
Pteridium esculentum
- Wet Sclerophyll Forest
Wetlands Planting Guide
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